“This powerful black chalk portrait of Cardinal Pacca offers a direct, unvarnished glimpse into the Neoclassical style, revealing a man of intellect and authority through stark lines and subtle shading.”
In this striking black chalk drawing, Cardinal Bartolomeo Pacca is captured with an intense, almost severe expression. His profile, rendered with sharp lines and subtle shading, suggests a man of formidable character and intellect. The artist uses the starkness of black chalk to emphasize the contours of Pacca's face and the folds of his clerical attire, giving the portrait a sense of gravitas and immediacy. This drawing, created around 1760, reflects the Neoclassical preference for clarity and idealized form, even in a preparatory sketch. The careful attention to Pacca's individual features, from his aquiline nose to the firm set of his jaw, conveys a powerful presence. It's a testament to the artist's skill in capturing not just a likeness, but the very essence of his sitter, using minimal means.
- Artist
- Jacques-Louis David
- Date
- 1760
- Medium
- Black chalk
- Location
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art
- Dimensions
- 6 15/16 x 5 1/8 in. (17.6 x 13 cm.)
- Collection
- Drawings and Prints
- Credit line
- Bequest of Walter C. Baker, 1971
What to Notice
Five details hide in plain sight. Here’s where to look.

The sharp, defined line of the cardinal's nose and chin.
The subtle shading that gives depth to his cheekbone.
The precise folds of his clerical collar.
The intense, focused gaze of his eye.
1 more detail is waiting.
See all 5 in Art Whisper →Stand in front of it and listen
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Jacques-Louis David
1748–1825 · FranceDavid survived revolution, prison, and exile to paint Napoleon's glory — and still died the most influential artist in France.
Further Works by David
Andromache Mourning Hector
1783 · Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts
Napoleon Crossing the Alps
1800 · Musée national de Malmaison et Bois-Préau
Head of a Child
1768 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Lictors Bringing Brutus the Bodies of his Sons
1787 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743–1794) and Marie Anne Lavoisier (Marie Anne Pierrette Paulze, 1758–1836)
1788 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
General Étienne-Maurice Gérard (1773–1852)
1816 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Madame François Buron
1769 · Art Institute of Chicago
Patroclus
1780 · Musée Thomas-Henry
More from Academic art
More works to explore
Beyond David and Academic art: works from the same years, and from the other movements The Cardinal Pacca belongs to.
Same movement · Neoclassicism
Amédée-David, the Comte de Pastoret
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres · 1823 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1740s–1770s
Portrait of Madame Anne-Jeanne Cassanéa de Mondonville, née Boucon (1708-1780)
Maurice Quentin de Latour · 1752 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1740s–1770s
Design for a Lampas Silk with a Triumphal Chariot on a Cloud
Philippe de la Salle · 1765 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1740s–1770s
Thomas Hurnard (1711/1712–1753), Mayor of Norwich (1752)
John Theodore Heins · 1754 · Norfolk Museums Collections
Same era · 1740s–1770s
Portrait of a Lady
John Smart of Ipswich · 1773 · Yale Center for British Art
Same era · 1740s–1770s
Medal cabinet
William Vile · 1760 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1740s–1770s
Hot milk jug
Höchst Manufactory · 1770 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1740s–1770s
Pair of Side Chairs
Artist Unknown - The Mercat Cross, Aberdeen · 1770 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1740s–1770s
John Jehu, L'Inghilterra
James Bretherton · 1772 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1740s–1770s
A young girl walks towards the left with one infant on her shoulder and holding another small child's hand, while two children walk at right with a torch and a basket
Luca Cambiaso · 1775 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1740s–1770s
Flagellation of Christ
Stefano Mulinari · 1760 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1740s–1770s
Seated couple
Höchster Porzellan-Manufaktur · 1760 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1740s–1770s
Landscape
William Wooller · 1763 · Cleveland Museum of Art




