“Stop to see this early Van Gogh, painted in 1884, depicting a dark ox and cart with a somber palette and textured brushwork that hints at his later, more famous style. It offers a glimpse into his focus on peasant life before his move to the south of France.”
A lone, dark ox stands tethered to a decrepit wooden cart, its head bowed, in this early painting by Van Gogh. Created in 1884, the scene unfolds in the village of Nuenen, before the artist moved to the vibrant south of France. The palette here is notably somber, dominated by earthy browns, grays, and deep blues, reflecting a period when Van Gogh focused on the lives of peasant laborers. The heavy brushwork, particularly visible in the cart's wheel, suggests the artist was already developing the expressive style that would define his later work. This painting, described as "disquieting," captures a moment of quiet toil and perhaps resignation, a stark contrast to the brighter, more dynamic landscapes that would follow. It was donated to the Portland Art Museum in 2007, becoming the most valuable gift the museum had received at that time.
- Artist
- Vincent van Gogh
- Date
- 1884
- Medium
- Oil on canvas
- Location
- Portland Art Museum
What to Notice
Five details hide in plain sight. Here’s where to look.

The dark, almost black fur of the ox, contrasting with the muted background.
The rough, textured brushstrokes defining the wooden wheel of the cart.
The subtle, painted-out flying bird, discovered through X-ray analysis.
The decrepit state of both the ox and the cart, suggesting hardship.
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Vincent van Gogh
1853–1890 · Kingdom of the NetherlandsVincent van Gogh, whose vibrant brushwork and bold colors transformed landscapes and portraits, created 2,100 artworks in just over a decade.
Further Works by van Gogh
Olive Trees
1853 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
A Peasant Woman Digging in Front of Her Cottage
1880 · Art Institute of Chicago
Still Life with Clogs
1881 · Kröller-Müller Museum
Cart with Red and White Ox
1884 · Kröller-Müller Museum
Still Life with Pots, Jar and Bottles
1884 · Kunstmuseum Den Haag
Head of a Peasant Woman with Green Shawl
1885 · Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon
The Potato Peeler (reverse: Self-Portrait with a Straw Hat)
1885 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Still Life with Apple Basket, Meat and Bread Rolls
1886 · Kröller-Müller Museum
More from Expressionism
More works to explore
Beyond van Gogh and Expressionism: works from the same years, and from the other movements Cart with Black Ox belongs to.
Same movement · Post-Impressionism
Albert (René) Grenier (1858–1925)
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec · 1887 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1860s–1890s
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte — 1884
Okada Saburosuke · 1884 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same movement · Post-Impressionism
The Seine at Pont de Grenelle
Paul Gauguin · 1875 · Wallraf–Richartz Museum
Same era · 1860s–1890s
Madame Léon Clapisson
Léon-Victor Dupré · 1883 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same movement · Post-Impressionism
Gustave Boyer (b. 1840) in a Straw Hat
Paul Cézanne · 1870 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1860s–1890s
Paris Street; Rainy Day
Kawabata Gyokushō · 1877 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same movement · Post-Impressionism
Carmelina
Henri Matisse · 1903 · Museum of Fine Arts Boston
Same era · 1860s–1890s
An Orchard under the Church of Bihorel
Paul Gauguin · 1884 · Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum
Same movement · Post-Impressionism
The Old Guitarist
Pablo Picasso · 1903 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1860s–1890s
Bordighera
Claude Monet · 1884 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same movement · Post-Impressionism
Lozenge Composition with Yellow, Black, Blue, Red, and Gray
Piet Mondrian · 1921 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1860s–1890s
Splashing Figure (Study for "The Large Bathers")
Pierre-Auguste Renoir · 1884 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1860s–1890s
Scene at Napanoch
William Hart · 1883 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1860s–1890s
The Sick Child
Edvard Munch · 1885 · National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design
Same era · 1860s–1890s
Young Woman Knitting
Berthe Morisot · 1883 · Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1860s–1890s
Woman and Child at the Well
Camille Pissarro · 1882 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1860s–1890s
Equestrienne (At the Cirque Fernando)
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec · 1887 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1860s–1890s
Madame Cézanne (Hortense Fiquet, 1850–1922) in a Red Dress
Paul Cézanne · 1888 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art




