“Stop for a moment and meet the gaze of this elegant woman, caught mid-thought while writing a letter. Her direct look and the subtle details invite you into a quiet, private world, rich with unspoken meaning.”
A woman in a vibrant yellow morning jacket pauses, quill in hand, her gaze meeting yours as if you've just interrupted her letter writing. This intimate scene, set in a spare room, draws you close to the picture plane, emphasizing her direct look. Behind her, a painting of a stringed instrument, likely a violone, hangs on the wall, a detail that art historians believe might reference a "vanitas" theme. Such paintings were popular in the Dutch Republic, serving as reminders that worldly possessions, like the elegant pearls the woman wears, are fleeting. Many of the objects here, including her jacket and the pearls, appear in other works by Johannes Vermeer, suggesting he or his family owned them and perhaps even modeled for his compositions. He created relatively few paintings, often working slowly and with great care.
- Artist
- Johannes Vermeer
- Date
- 1665
- Medium
- Oil on canvas
- Location
- National Gallery of Art
What to Notice
Five details hide in plain sight. Here’s where to look.

The woman's direct gaze, turning from her letter to look at you.
The luxurious lemon-yellow morning jacket she wears.
The string of pearls and two pearl earrings she has on.
The painting of a large string instrument on the back wall.
1 more detail is waiting.
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Johannes Vermeer
1632–1675 · Dutch RepublicVermeer painted just 34 known works, yet became one of history's most beloved masters of light.
Further Works by Vermeer
Woman Holding a Balance
1665 · National Gallery of Art
Girl with a Red Hat
1669 · National Gallery of Art
Christ in the House of Martha and Mary
1650 · Scottish National Gallery
Diana and her Nymphs
1650 · Mauritshuis
The Girl with the Wine Glass
1650 · Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum
Saint Praxedis
1655 · National Museum of Western Art
A Maid Asleep
1656 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Young Woman with a Water Pitcher
1657 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
More from Baroque
More works to explore
Beyond Vermeer and Baroque: works from the same years, and from the other movements A Lady Writing a Letter belongs to.
Same movement · Dutch Golden Age painting
Anna van der Aar (born 1576/77, died after 1626)
Frans Hals · 1626 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1650s–1680s
Juno
Rembrandt · 1663 · Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn
Same movement · Dutch Golden Age painting
Lieven Willemsz van Coppenol (born about 1599, died 1671 or later)
Rembrandt · 1626 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1650s–1680s
Frans Hals (1582/83–1666)
Frans Hals · 1650 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1650s–1680s
Resurrection of Christ
Samuel van Hoogstraten · 1665 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1650s–1680s
The six children of Louis VI Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt
Salomon Duarte · 1665 · Nationalmuseum
Same era · 1650s–1680s
The Music Lesson
Gerard ter Borch the Younger · 1670 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1650s–1680s
Tancred's servant presenting the heart of Guiscard in a golden cup to Guismond
Adriaen van der Werff · 1678 · Fitzwilliam Museum
Same era · 1650s–1680s
A lady holding a crucifix
Willem van der Vliet · 1650
Same era · 1650s–1680s
The Denial of Saint Peter
Georges de La Tour · 1650 · Nantes Museum of Arts
Same era · 1650s–1680s
The Fall of the Giants
Jacob Jordaens · 1663 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1650s–1680s
The wedding party
Jan Steen · 1660 · Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
Same era · 1650s–1680s
Bouquet of flowers in a glass vase
Jan van Kessel the Elder · 1659 · Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum
Same era · 1650s–1680s
Portrait of Edouard Molé
Robert Nanteuil · 1653 · Art Institute of Chicago




