“Stop and examine this painting's intriguing juxtaposition of a weathered jawbone and two vibrant, abstract rocks. It's a striking example of O'Keeffe's unique way of seeing and questioning reality in the New Mexico desert.”
In "Red and Pink Rocks and Teeth," a stark white jawbone, cracked and angular, dominates the composition, set against two smooth, rounded forms of red and pink rocks. These rocks appear both monumental and indeterminate, their warm, abstracted colors contrasting sharply with the bleached bone. The red pebble seems to recede, even though it must be perched atop the pink stone, creating a visual puzzle. This painting, made in 1938, presents a modern trompe l’oeil, challenging our understanding of representation and perception by juxtaposing the natural elements O'Keeffe discovered in the New Mexico desert. The way these seemingly disparate objects are arranged invites a contemplation of their enigmatic relationship, making us question what is real and what is illusion.
- Artist
- Georgia O'Keeffe
- Date
- 1938
- Medium
- Oil on canvas
- Location
- Art Institute of Chicago
- Dimensions
- 53.3 × 33 cm (21 × 13 in.)
- Collection
- Arts of the Americas
- Culture
- United States
- Credit line
- Alfred Stieglitz Collection, gift of Georgia O'Keeffe
What to Notice
Four details hide in plain sight. Here’s where to look.

The stark contrast between the smooth rocks and the jagged jawbone.
How the red rock appears to float or recede from the pink one.
The subtle cracks and textures on the bleached jawbone.
The rich, warm hues of the red and pink rocks.
Stand in front of it and listen
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Georgia O'Keeffe
1887–1986 · United StatesGeorgia O'Keeffe, the 'Mother of American modernism,' transformed natural forms into powerful abstractions, from magnified flowers to the stark beauty of the New Mexico desert.
Further Works by O'Keeffe
Black Iris
1926 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Blue and Green Music
1919 · Art Institute of Chicago
The Shelton with Sunspots, N.Y.
1926 · Art Institute of Chicago
Ballet Skirt or Electric Light (from the White Rose Motif)
1927 · Art Institute of Chicago
Black Cross, New Mexico
1929 · Art Institute of Chicago
Cow's Skull with Calico Roses
1931 · Art Institute of Chicago
Peru – Machu Picchu, Morning Light
1957 · Art Institute of Chicago
Road – Mesa with Mist
1961 · Art Institute of Chicago
More works to explore
Beyond O'Keeffe: works from the same years.
Same era · 1920s–1950s
Greyed Rainbow
Jackson Pollock · 1953 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1920s–1950s
Sun Spot
Yayoi Kusama · 1953 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1920s–1950s
Deux personnages
Pierre Alechinsky · 1950
Same era · 1920s–1950s
Divided and Divided
Ivan Puni · 1941 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1920s–1950s
Nighthawks
Okada Saburosuke · 1942 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1920s–1950s
The Indestructibles
Philip Evergood · 1946 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1920s–1950s
Straße mit Passanten bei Nachtbeleuchtung
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner · 1927 · Museum Frieder Burda
Same era · 1920s–1950s
La durée poignardée (Time Transfixed)
René Magritte · 1938 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1920s–1950s
Still Life with Fruits and Stringed Instrument
Georges Braque · 1938 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1920s–1950s
White Crucifixion
Marc Chagall · 1938 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1920s–1950s
Girl in Yellow and Blue with Guitar
Henri Matisse · 1939 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1920s–1950s
Inventions of the Monsters
Salvador Dalí · 1937 · Art Institute of Chicago
