“Stop to see how Edgar Degas, known for ballet dancers and café scenes, turned his gaze to an unexpected subject: a stark industrial landscape, capturing a moment of profound change in the French countryside.”
A stark, almost desolate landscape unfolds before you, dominated by the brooding presence of three smokestacks on the horizon. Unlike the bustling cityscapes or intimate interiors often associated with the Impressionist movement, this painting offers a surprising glimpse into the industrializing French countryside. The sky, a swirl of grays and blues, suggests a raw, untamed atmosphere, while the distant structures rise like silent sentinels, hinting at human intervention in an otherwise natural scene. The texture of the paper, visible beneath the pastel and monotype, adds a tactile quality, emphasizing the ruggedness of the terrain. Created around 1890, this work captures a moment of transition, where the pastoral yields to the mechanical, and the beauty of nature coexists with the encroaching signs of progress.
- Artist
- Edgar Degas
- Date
- 1890
- Medium
- Pastel, over monotype, on textured cream wove paper, edge-mounted on board
- Location
- Art Institute of Chicago
What to Notice
Four details hide in plain sight. Here’s where to look.

The way the pastel creates a hazy, almost smudged effect in the sky.
The subtle variations in green and brown that define the rolling hills.
The sharp, dark silhouettes of the smokestacks against the lighter sky.
The visible texture of the paper beneath the layers of pigment.
Stand in front of it and listen
The full narration walks you through Landscape with Smokestacks — the story behind it, the details most visitors miss, and why it matters. Free in the Art Whisper app.
Edgar Degas
1834–1917 · FranceCaptured ballet dancers and modern Parisian life in pastels with an eye as precise as a photographer's lens.
Further Works by Degas
Young Spartan Girls Challenging Boys
1860 · Art Institute of Chicago
Henri Degas and His Niece Lucie Degas (The Artist's Uncle and Cousin)
1875 · Art Institute of Chicago
Yellow Dancers (In the Wings)
1875 · Art Institute of Chicago
Portrait after a Costume Ball (Portrait of Madame Dietz-Monnin)
1877 · Art Institute of Chicago
Café Singer
1879 · Art Institute of Chicago
The Millinery Shop
1879 · Art Institute of Chicago
A Woman Seated beside a Vase of Flowers (Madame Paul Valpinçon?)
1865 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Rehearsal Onstage
1871 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
More from Impressionism
More works to explore
Beyond Degas and Impressionism: works from the same years.
Same era · 1870s–1900s
A Woman Walking in a Garden
Vincent van Gogh · 1887 · Frans Buffa & sons
Same era · 1870s–1900s
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte — 1884
Okada Saburosuke · 1884 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1870s–1900s
Madame Léon Clapisson
Léon-Victor Dupré · 1883 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1870s–1900s
Still Life with Crayfish
Mikhail Larionov · 1900 · Museum Ludwig
Same era · 1870s–1900s
Paris Street; Rainy Day
Kawabata Gyokushō · 1877 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1870s–1900s
Mr. Loulou (Louis Le Ray)
Paul Gauguin · 1890 · Barnes Foundation
Same era · 1870s–1900s
Rocks at Fontainebleau
Paul Cézanne · 1890 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1870s–1900s
Stacks of Wheat (End of Day, Autumn)
Claude Monet · 1890 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1870s–1900s
Street in Moret
Alfred Sisley · 1890 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1870s–1900s
The Streetwalker
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec · 1890 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1870s–1900s
Two Girls Reading in a Garden
Pierre-Auguste Renoir · 1890
Same era · 1870s–1900s
Young Girl with Hat
Berthe Morisot · 1891 · Art Institute of Chicago




