“Stop and appreciate the innovative chiaroscuro woodcut technique, which uses three colored blocks to create dramatic light and shadow, bringing this portrait to vivid, almost sculptural life.”
This chiaroscuro woodcut presents a striking portrait of Gillis van Breen, his gaze direct and somewhat weary as he looks out from the frame. The technique itself is remarkable: three different blocks were used to build up the image, each printed with a distinct color—black for the outlines and deepest shadows, ochre for the mid-tones, and a rich brown for the warmer highlights. This layering creates a sense of three-dimensionality and a subtle interplay of light that brings his face to life. The dramatic contrasts, a hallmark of the Utrecht Caravaggisti movement, imbue the portrait with a powerful presence, making Breen feel less like a static image and more like a living, breathing individual captured in a moment of quiet intensity. This approach to light and shadow was a significant departure from earlier styles, emphasizing emotional depth and a more naturalistic depiction of the human form.
- Artist
- Hendrick ter Brugghen
- Date
- 1588
- Medium
- Chiaroscuro woodcut in black, ochre, and brown, on cream laid paper
- Location
- Art Institute of Chicago
- Dimensions
- Image: 20.8 × 14.4 cm (8 1/4 × 5 11/16 in.); Sheet, trimmed within platemark: 21.1 × 14.5 cm (8 5/16 × 5 3/4 in.)
What to Notice
Four details hide in plain sight. Here’s where to look.

Observe the subtle gradations of brown and ochre that model the face.
Notice the texture of the hair, defined by the woodcut lines.
See how the light falls on his forehead and the bridge of his nose.
Look at the direct, unsmiling expression in his eyes.
Hendrick ter Brugghen
1588–1629 · Dutch RepublicHendrick ter Brugghen brought Caravaggio's dramatic light and emotional realism from Italy to the Dutch Republic, profoundly shaping Dutch Golden Age painting.
Further Works by ter Brugghen
The Calling of Saint Matthew
1609 · Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest
Pilate washing his hands
1617 · National Museum in Lublin
Roman Charity
1622 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Saint Jerome
1624 · Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
The Denial of Saint Peter
1621 · Art Institute of Chicago
A Boy Playing the Lute ("Hearing", One of a Series of the Five Senses)
1620 · Nationalmuseum
A Girl Holding a Glass ("Taste", One of a Series of the Five Senses)
1620 · Nationalmuseum
Boy Playing a Fife
1620 · Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
More works to explore
Beyond ter Brugghen: works from the same years.
Same era · 1570s–1600s
Christ Healing the Blind
El Greco · 1585
Same era · 1570s–1600s
The Entombment of Christ
Caravaggio · 1600 · Pinacoteca Vaticana
Same era · 1570s–1600s
Penitent Magdalene
Titian · 1575
Same era · 1570s–1600s
Flower Arrangements
Artist Unknown - The Mercat Cross, Aberdeen · 1595 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1570s–1600s
The Lamentation with Saint Francis and Two Angels
Peter Paul Rubens · 1603 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1570s–1600s
Virgin and Child in a Church, also known as the Van Maelbeke Virgin
Wierix · 1575 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1570s–1600s
Wooded landscape with a road
Jan Brueghel the Elder · 1602
Same era · 1570s–1600s
Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary and Saint John the Evangelist, angels overhead
Matteo Florimi · 1588 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1570s–1600s
Half Armor for the Foot Tournament
Pompeo della Cesa · 1585 · Cleveland Museum of Art
Same era · 1570s–1600s
Female Head
Gaetano Gandolfi · 1592 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1570s–1600s
Flowers and Birds
Zhou Zhimian · 1595 · Los Angeles County Museum of Art
Same era · 1570s–1600s
The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne
Georges de La Tour · 1600 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
