Gillis van Breen by Hendrick ter Brugghen

Gillis van Breen

Hendrick ter Brugghen · 1588

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“Stop and appreciate the innovative chiaroscuro woodcut technique, which uses three colored blocks to create dramatic light and shadow, bringing this portrait to vivid, almost sculptural life.”

ABOUT THIS WORK

This chiaroscuro woodcut presents a striking portrait of Gillis van Breen, his gaze direct and somewhat weary as he looks out from the frame. The technique itself is remarkable: three different blocks were used to build up the image, each printed with a distinct color—black for the outlines and deepest shadows, ochre for the mid-tones, and a rich brown for the warmer highlights. This layering creates a sense of three-dimensionality and a subtle interplay of light that brings his face to life. The dramatic contrasts, a hallmark of the Utrecht Caravaggisti movement, imbue the portrait with a powerful presence, making Breen feel less like a static image and more like a living, breathing individual captured in a moment of quiet intensity. This approach to light and shadow was a significant departure from earlier styles, emphasizing emotional depth and a more naturalistic depiction of the human form.

DETAILS
Artist
Hendrick ter Brugghen
Date
1588
Medium
Chiaroscuro woodcut in black, ochre, and brown, on cream laid paper
Location
Art Institute of Chicago
Dimensions
Image: 20.8 × 14.4 cm (8 1/4 × 5 11/16 in.); Sheet, trimmed within platemark: 21.1 × 14.5 cm (8 5/16 × 5 3/4 in.)
LOOK CLOSER

What to Notice

Four details hide in plain sight. Here’s where to look.

Gillis van Breen
01

Observe the subtle gradations of brown and ochre that model the face.

02

Notice the texture of the hair, defined by the woodcut lines.

03

See how the light falls on his forehead and the bridge of his nose.

04

Look at the direct, unsmiling expression in his eyes.

THE ARTIST

Hendrick ter Brugghen

1588–1629 · Dutch Republic

Hendrick ter Brugghen brought Caravaggio's dramatic light and emotional realism from Italy to the Dutch Republic, profoundly shaping Dutch Golden Age painting.

Read ter Brugghen’s full story
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