The Three Skulls by Paul Cézanne

The Three Skulls

Paul Cézanne · 1902

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“Stop to observe how three skulls, rendered in watercolor, become a surprisingly powerful and intimate exploration of mortality. See how the artist uses delicate washes to give weight and presence to these stark forms.”

ABOUT THIS WORK

Three human skulls, stark and unsettling, dominate the foreground of this watercolor. They are rendered with a powerful sense of volume, almost like geometric forms, yet the delicate washes of color give them a haunting, ethereal quality. The skulls are not merely objects but presences, arranged on what appears to be a rumpled white cloth, perhaps a sheet or shroud, against a muted, indeterminate background. This intimate, almost confrontational still life was made late in the artist's life, a period when he frequently explored themes of mortality. The choice of watercolor, a medium often associated with lightness and spontaneity, here lends a surprising gravity to the subject, allowing for both the precise delineation of bone structure and the soft blurring of edges. It's a profound meditation on existence, stripped down to its most fundamental elements.

DETAILS
Artist
Paul Cézanne
Date
1902
Medium
Watercolor, with graphite, on ivory wove paper
Location
Art Institute of Chicago
Dimensions
48 × 62.8 cm (18 15/16 × 24 3/4 in.)
Collection
Prints and Drawings
Culture
France
Credit line
Olivia Shaler Swan Memorial Collection
ART MOVEMENTS
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What to Notice

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The Three Skulls

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01

Front left skull

Look at the skull at lower left. Its eye sockets and nose are drawn with just a few soft gray-blue and pencil strokes, so the bone feels hollow without turning grim.

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02

Right skull's dark sockets

On the right skull, the dark nose cavity and the pale, softly outlined eye holes are among the strongest contrasts in the picture. They give it a direct stare.

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03

Rear skull fades away

The top skull is barely there. Thin blue contour lines and a few gray shadows suggest its dome, as if it is emerging from the paper.

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04

Bare paper as bone

The skull surfaces are mostly bare ivory paper, with faint pencil lines still visible. The unpainted paper does the work of the bone.

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05

Red and green cloth

At the bottom, the patterned cloth breaks into overlapping patches of orange-red, green and blue. It is the liveliest color in a picture with a somber subject.

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THE ARTIST

Paul Cézanne

1839–1906 · France

Paul Cézanne, the French Post-Impressionist, built a bridge from Impressionism to Cubism, transforming how we see apples and landscapes.

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