“Step into a visionary 1924 blueprint for a future city, where towering high-rises dominate the horizon, revealing a stark, functionalist urban ideal conceived by architect Ludwig Hilberseimer.”
This ink and watercolor drawing plunges us into a dizzying vision of a future city, where towering high-rises stretch into the distance, almost blurring into a single, massive structure. Created in 1924, this "Highrise City" was a central component of architect and planner Ludwig Hilberseimer’s treatise on urban planning, imagining a vertically integrated metropolis where residents would live and work in the same seamless unit. Notice the stark, almost sterile repetition of forms, suggesting a society removed from the familiar markers of history or geography. The sheer scale and uniformity underscore the impersonal nature of Hilberseimer’s imagined world, where people would travel up to apartments and down to factories in elevators. Though Hilberseimer later renounced this specific project, these images remain powerful expressions of modern architects' fascination with highly functionalist models for urban society.
- Artist
- Karl Heffner
- Date
- 1924
- Medium
- Ink and watercolor on paper
- Location
- Art Institute of Chicago
- Dimensions
- Approx: 97.3 × 140 cm (38 5/16 × 55 1/8 in.)
- Collection
- Architecture and Design
- Culture
- Germany
- Credit line
- Gift of George E. Danforth
What to Notice
Five details hide in plain sight. Here’s where to look.

The endless rows of identical windows across the buildings.
The dramatic perspective, drawing your eye deep into the city.
The absence of any visible human figures or street-level activity.
The subtle washes of watercolor that define the immense structures.
1 more detail is waiting.
See all 5 in Art Whisper →Stand in front of it and listen
The full narration walks you through Highrise City (Hochhausstadt): Perspective View: North-South Street — the story behind it, the details most visitors miss, and why it matters. Free in the Art Whisper app.
Karl Heffner
1849–1925 · GermanyKarl Heffner was a German landscape painter known for atmospheric, softly lit river and twilight scenes in the tradition of Corot and the Barbizon school.
Further Works by Heffner
Two Girls in a Garden
1914 · Art Institute of Chicago
Back Teria One Oh! One
Art Institute of Chicago
Macy's Jet Set
Art Institute of Chicago
Screamin' Jay Hawkins
Art Institute of Chicago
You Scratch My Back and I'll Scratch Yours
Art Institute of Chicago
The Embrace
1918 · Art Institute of Chicago
Portrait of a Woman
1868 · Art Institute of Chicago
Carnival Figures
1919 · Art Institute of Chicago
More works to explore
Beyond Heffner: works from the same years.
Same era · 1900s–1930s
Lozenge Composition with Yellow, Black, Blue, Red, and Gray
Piet Mondrian · 1921 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1900s–1930s
Interior with painter
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner · 1921 · Buchheim Museum of Imagination
Same era · 1900s–1930s
Memories of the Past
Ivan Puni · 1927 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1900s–1930s
American Gothic
Okada Saburosuke · 1930 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1900s–1930s
Bull's Head
Mikhail Larionov · 1913 · Tretyakov Gallery
Same era · 1900s–1930s
Asiatic God
Paul Klee · 1924 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1900s–1930s
The Three O'Clock Sitting
Henri Matisse · 1924 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1900s–1930s
Untitled (Birds)
Max Ernst · 1924 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1900s–1930s
The Praying Jew
Marc Chagall · 1923 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1900s–1930s
The Fiddler
Norman Rockwell · 1921 · Brandywine Museum of Art
Same era · 1900s–1930s
Abstraction: Background with Blue Cloudy Sky
Pablo Picasso · 1930 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1900s–1930s
American Gothic
Grant Wood · 1930 · Art Institute of Chicago
