“Stop to marvel at this 1924 ink and watercolor vision of a futuristic metropolis. Karl Heffner imagines a city of immense, angular skyscrapers, offering a dramatic glimpse into early 20th-century urban dreams.”
Towering structures pierce a dramatic sky in Karl Heffner's "Highrise City (Hochhausstadt), Perspective View." This ink and watercolor on paper work, created in 1924, imagines a futuristic urban landscape, a vision of modernity on a grand scale. The city isn't just a backdrop; it's the central character, its colossal buildings rendered with a stark, almost brutalist geometry that emphasizes verticality and power. Heffner uses a muted palette, allowing the intricate architectural details and the sheer scale of the vision to dominate. The perspective is dizzying, drawing the viewer's eye upwards and inwards, creating a sense of both awe and perhaps a touch of unease at this monumental human achievement. This piece reflects a fascination with the burgeoning metropolis and the changing face of the built environment in the early 20th century.
- Artist
- Karl Heffner
- Date
- 1924
- Medium
- Ink and watercolor on paper
- Location
- Art Institute of Chicago
- Dimensions
- 96.5 × 148 cm (38 × 58 5/16 in.)
- Collection
- Architecture and Design
- Culture
- Berlin
- Credit line
- Gift of George E. Danforth
What to Notice
Five details hide in plain sight. Here’s where to look.

The sharp, angular lines defining the colossal buildings.
The way the watercolor creates a hazy, atmospheric sky.
The tiny, almost invisible figures at the base of the structures.
The dramatic contrast between light and shadow on the building facades.
1 more detail is waiting.
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Karl Heffner
1849–1925 · GermanyKarl Heffner was a German landscape painter known for atmospheric, softly lit river and twilight scenes in the tradition of Corot and the Barbizon school.
Further Works by Heffner
Two Girls in a Garden
1914 · Art Institute of Chicago
Back Teria One Oh! One
Art Institute of Chicago
Macy's Jet Set
Art Institute of Chicago
Screamin' Jay Hawkins
Art Institute of Chicago
You Scratch My Back and I'll Scratch Yours
Art Institute of Chicago
The Embrace
1918 · Art Institute of Chicago
Portrait of a Woman
1868 · Art Institute of Chicago
Carnival Figures
1919 · Art Institute of Chicago
More works to explore
Beyond Heffner: works from the same years.
Same era · 1900s–1930s
Lozenge Composition with Yellow, Black, Blue, Red, and Gray
Piet Mondrian · 1921 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1900s–1930s
Interior with painter
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner · 1921 · Buchheim Museum of Imagination
Same era · 1900s–1930s
Memories of the Past
Ivan Puni · 1927 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1900s–1930s
American Gothic
Okada Saburosuke · 1930 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1900s–1930s
Bull's Head
Mikhail Larionov · 1913 · Tretyakov Gallery
Same era · 1900s–1930s
Asiatic God
Paul Klee · 1924 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1900s–1930s
The Three O'Clock Sitting
Henri Matisse · 1924 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1900s–1930s
Untitled (Birds)
Max Ernst · 1924 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1900s–1930s
The Praying Jew
Marc Chagall · 1923 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1900s–1930s
The Fiddler
Norman Rockwell · 1921 · Brandywine Museum of Art
Same era · 1900s–1930s
Abstraction: Background with Blue Cloudy Sky
Pablo Picasso · 1930 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1900s–1930s
American Gothic
Grant Wood · 1930 · Art Institute of Chicago
