“Step back in time to 1863 with this detailed albumen print of Benares on the Ganges, capturing a vibrant scene of daily life and a significant mosque, offering a rare glimpse into India's past.”
This albumen print captures a sweeping view of Benares (now Varanasi) on the Ganges River in 1863, a city revered as a holy site in Hinduism. The photograph frames a grand mosque, its minarets rising sharply against the sky, flanked by numerous ghats, or steps, leading down to the water. Along these banks, human activity is everywhere, from boats navigating the river to figures congregating on the landing places. The careful composition and rich detail, achieved through the albumen print process, offer a valuable historical record of this sacred site, showing what it looked like over a century and a half ago, before modern restorations. It's one of 50 images in an album that documented cities and monuments across Northern India, moving from the Himalayan hill towns down to the plains.
- Artist
- Samuel Bourne
- Date
- 1863
- Medium
- albumen print
- Location
- Cleveland Museum of Art
- Dimensions
- [object Object]
- Collection
- Photography
- Culture
- England
- Credit line
- Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund
What to Notice
Five details hide in plain sight. Here’s where to look.

The intricate details of the mosque's architecture, including its towering minarets.
The many boats on the Ganges River, suggesting constant movement and commerce.
Figures gathered on the ghats, hinting at daily rituals and social life.
The clear reflections of the buildings on the calm river surface.
1 more detail is waiting.
See all 5 in Art Whisper →Stand in front of it and listen
The full narration walks you through The City of Benares, on the Ganges, View of the Great Mosque of A (?) and Adjoining Landing Places — the story behind it, the details most visitors miss, and why it matters. Free in the Art Whisper app.
Samuel Bourne
1834–1912 · United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandA bank clerk who quit his job, sailed to India, and hauled cameras up 18,600-foot Himalayan passes to capture 2,200 images.
Further Works by Bourne
Agra. The Gateway of the Gardens Surrounding the Taj
1863 · Cleveland Museum of Art
Agra. The Taj, the Central of Principal City
1863 · Cleveland Museum of Art
Agra. View of the Taj from a Corner in the Quadrangle
1863 · Cleveland Museum of Art
Agra. View of the Taj from the Garden
1863 · Cleveland Museum of Art
Agra. View of the Taj in Front of Nootkan (The Light of the World), Wife of the Emperor Akbar, View from the River
1863 · Cleveland Museum of Art
A Village Scene, Near Calcutta
1863 · Cleveland Museum of Art
Delhi. Gateway of Allahood Deen's Palace, Old Delhi
1863 · Cleveland Museum of Art
Delhi. Tomb of the Emperor Shums ooo deen Allomsh, Builder of the Kootub Minar in the Ruins of Old Delhi
1863 · Cleveland Museum of Art
More works to explore
Beyond Bourne: works from the same years.
Same era · 1840s–1870s
The Backgammon Players
Philip Webb · 1861 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1840s–1870s
Two Boats in a Storm
Léon-Victor Dupré · 1870 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1840s–1870s
Paris Street; Rainy Day
Kawabata Gyokushō · 1877 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1840s–1870s
Alfred Sisley
Pierre-Auguste Renoir · 1864 · Foundation E.G. Bührle Collection
Same era · 1840s–1870s
A Sketch
Mariano Fortuny Marsal · 1862 · Hispanic Society of America
Same era · 1840s–1870s
Fish (Still Life)
Édouard Manet · 1864 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1840s–1870s
Mount Madison from the Androscoggin River
William Hart · 1862
Same era · 1840s–1870s
Peasants Bringing Home a Calf Born in the Fields
Jean-François Millet · 1864 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1840s–1870s
Rêverie (Portrait of Gabrielle Borreau)
Gustave Courbet · 1862 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1840s–1870s
A Woman Seated beside a Vase of Flowers (Madame Paul Valpinçon?)
Edgar Degas · 1865 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1840s–1870s
The Banks of the Marne in Winter
Camille Pissarro · 1866 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1840s–1870s
The Beach at Sainte-Adresse
Claude Monet · 1867 · Art Institute of Chicago
