“This painting offers a remarkably detailed glimpse into the miniature world of insects, showcasing a 17th-century artist's keen eye and the era's fascination with nature's smallest wonders.”
A delicate butterfly, its wings a mosaic of gold and brown, takes center stage in this intimate study, surrounded by a lively cast of smaller insects. The creatures are rendered with a precision that suggests close observation, almost as if they were specimens under a magnifying glass, yet they retain a vibrant sense of life. The artist has arranged them not in a rigid scientific grid, but in a dynamic composition that encourages the eye to wander and discover. This work reflects a 17th-century fascination with the natural world, a time when art and science often intertwined, and artists sought to capture the intricate beauty of even the smallest organisms. Painted around 1655, it exemplifies how such detailed studies were prized, often adorning the drawers of elaborate collector's cabinets, offering a painted surprise to those who opened them.
- Artist
- Jan van Kessel the Elder
- Date
- 1655
- Location
- National Gallery of Art
What to Notice
Four details hide in plain sight. Here’s where to look.

The intricate patterns and fuzzy body of the central butterfly.
The tiny fly perched delicately on a leaf, almost hidden.
The subtle shadows cast by the insects, giving them dimension.
The varying textures of the insects' wings and bodies.
Stand in front of it and listen
The full narration walks you through Study of Butterfly and Insects — the story behind it, the details most visitors miss, and why it matters. Free in the Art Whisper app.
Jan van Kessel the Elder
1626–1679 · Habsburg NetherlandsJan van Kessel the Elder, a Flemish painter and great-grandson of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, meticulously captured the natural world, from insects to allegorical continents.
Further Works by van Kessel the Elder
Bouquet of flowers in a glass vase
1659 · Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum
Floral Still Life
1633 · Museo del Prado
Allegory of air and water
1650 · Musée des Beaux-Arts de Quimper
A sculpted cartouche with floral still life, with the christ child as salvator mundi
1650 · SØR Rusche Collection
Concert of cats
1650
Lying otter on a rocky shore
1650
Poultry and birds with a view of Brussels
1650
The Triumph of Amphitrite
1650 · Musée des Beaux-Arts de Quimper
More works to explore
Beyond van Kessel the Elder: works from the same years.
Same era · 1640s–1670s
Officer and Laughing Girl
Johannes Vermeer · 1658 · The Frick Collection
Same era · 1640s–1670s
Old Woman Cutting Her Nails
Rembrandt · 1655 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1640s–1670s
Frans Hals (1582/83–1666)
Frans Hals · 1650 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1640s–1670s
A lady holding a crucifix
Willem van der Vliet · 1650
Same era · 1640s–1670s
Portrait of Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg
Salomon Duarte · 1650 · Bavarian State Painting Collections
Same era · 1640s–1670s
The Denial of Saint Peter
Georges de La Tour · 1650 · Nantes Museum of Arts
Same era · 1640s–1670s
Resurrection of Christ
Samuel van Hoogstraten · 1665 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1640s–1670s
The Music Lesson
Gerard ter Borch the Younger · 1670 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1640s–1670s
Two Deformed Heads with Very Long Upper Lips
Leonardo da Vinci · 1645 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1640s–1670s
Portrait of Edouard Molé
Robert Nanteuil · 1653 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1640s–1670s
The wedding party
Jan Steen · 1660 · Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
Same era · 1640s–1670s
The Fall of the Giants
Jacob Jordaens · 1663 · Art Institute of Chicago
