“This coverlet, made in 1851, highlights the sophisticated weaving technology of its time, creating intricate, repeating patterns without a single seam. It's a testament to both artistry and industrial innovation in 19th-century American textiles.”
This coverlet, woven in 1851 by William Hart, is a vibrant example of 19th-century American textile production. Its seamless construction, achieved through a plain weave double cloth technique on a loom with a Jacquard attachment, speaks to the era's advancements in weaving technology. The intricate patterns, repeated across the surface, would have been a striking addition to any bed, offering both warmth and a decorative flourish. Unlike the artist's better-known landscape paintings, this textile offers a glimpse into a different facet of American craftsmanship, showcasing how mechanical innovations allowed for complex, repeated designs in everyday household items. The cotton and wool fibers create a durable yet soft texture, reflecting the practical needs of domestic life while still providing an aesthetic appeal.
- Artist
- William Hart
- Date
- 1851
- Medium
- Cotton and wool, plain weave double cloth; woven on loom with Jacquard attachment; full loom width; seamless
- Location
- Art Institute of Chicago
- Dimensions
- 229.9 × 198.3 cm (90 1/2 × 78 1/4 in.); Repeat: 48.1 × 48.1 cm (18 7/8 × 16 3/8 in.)
What to Notice
Four details hide in plain sight. Here’s where to look.

Observe the precise, repeating geometric and floral motifs across the entire surface.
Look closely at the two-sided nature of the double cloth weave.
Notice the rich contrast between the light and dark threads in the pattern.
Examine the tight, even tension of the woven fibers, indicating skilled craftsmanship.
William Hart
1823–1894 · United StatesWilliam Hart, a Scottish-born American landscape and cattle painter, became a prominent figure in the Hudson River School, known for his atmospheric depictions of light and shadow.
Further Works by Hart
Mount Chocorua and Moat Mountain from North Conway
1850
Wordsworth Manor
1852
Birches
1855 · Museum of Fine Arts Boston
Peace and Plenty
1855 · New Britain Museum of American Art
Pools by the Seaside
1861 · Buffalo AKG Art Museum
Mount Madison from the Androscoggin River
1862
Mount Washington from the Intervale
1865
Valley of the Bedford
1865 · Fogg Museum
More works to explore
Beyond Hart: works from the same years.
Same era · 1830s–1860s
The Cottage by the Roadside, Stormy Sky
Léon-Victor Dupré · 1855 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1830s–1860s
The Backgammon Players
Philip Webb · 1861 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1830s–1860s
Portrait of a Woman, Called Héloïse Abélard
Gustave Courbet · 1850 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1830s–1860s
Woman Feeding Chickens
Jean-François Millet · 1850 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1830s–1860s
Arab Horseman Attacked by a Lion
Eugène Delacroix · 1849 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1830s–1860s
Joséphine-Éléonore-Marie-Pauline de Galard de Brassac de Béarn (1825–1860), Princesse de Broglie
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres · 1853 · Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1830s–1860s
Olive Trees
Vincent van Gogh · 1853 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Same era · 1830s–1860s
Snow Storm: Steam-Boat off a Harbour's Mouth
J. M. W. Turner · 1842 · National Gallery
Same era · 1830s–1860s
Young Spartan Girls Challenging Boys
Edgar Degas · 1860 · Art Institute of Chicago
Same era · 1830s–1860s
A Sketch
Mariano Fortuny Marsal · 1862 · Hispanic Society of America
Same era · 1830s–1860s
Alfred Sisley
Pierre-Auguste Renoir · 1864 · Foundation E.G. Bührle Collection
Same era · 1830s–1860s
Beggar with a Duffle Coat (Philosopher)
Édouard Manet · 1864 · Art Institute of Chicago
