Untitled (Birds)

Max Ernst, 1924

MEDIUMOil and sand on linen mounted on Masonite pressed-wood board, with cork frame by the artist
LOCATIONArt Institute of Chicago

Step into the surreal world of Max Ernst with this 1924 work, a compelling example of his early contributions to Surrealism and his innovative, often dreamlike artistic vision.

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ABOUT THIS WORK

Max Ernst's "Untitled (Birds)" from 1924 offers a fascinating glimpse into the artist's pioneering role in the Surrealist movement. Ernst, a German-born artist, had no formal artistic training, which allowed him to develop highly experimental methods, including frottage and grattage. While the specific technique for this piece isn't detailed, it embodies the spirit of his innovative approach. Having been deeply affected by his experiences as a soldier in World War I, Ernst's art often reflects a critical view of the modern world, frequently exploring themes of trauma and the subconscious. This work, created early in the Surrealist period, aligns with his exploration of dreamlike imagery and the irrational, a hallmark of the movement he helped establish alongside Dada. The recurring motif of birds in Ernst's oeuvre often carries symbolic weight, sometimes representing freedom, other times more unsettling psychological states, reflecting his personal history and artistic concerns.

ART MOVEMENTS
Surrealism
LOOK CLOSER

What to Notice

1

The fragmented, almost collage-like composition

2

Any recurring bird-like shapes or forms

3

The interplay of light and shadow

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Audio Deep Dive

Step into the surreal world of Max Ernst with this 1924 work, a compelling example of his early contributions to Surrealism and his innovative, often dreamlike…

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THE ARTIST
Max Ernst 1891–1976 · Cuba

Max Ernst was a German-born painter, sculptor, printmaker, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism in Europe. He had no formal artistic training, but his experimental attitude toward the making of art resulted in his invention of frottage—a technique that uses pencil rubbings of textured objects and relief surfaces to create images—and grattage, an analogous technique in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath. Ernst is noted for his unconventional drawing methods as well as for creating novels and pamphlets using the method of collages. He served as a soldier for four years during World War I, which left him shocked, traumatised and critical of the modern world. During World War II he was designated an "undesirable foreigner" while living in France.

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